Ortho Xylene is a liquid with a strong aromatic smell that irritates the eyes and mucous membranes. Work is carried out with protective goggles and protective gloves made of fluorine rubber. Ensure good room ventilation or work in a suitable and constantly running fume cupboard.
Properties of Xylene
“Xylene”, which is commercially available without further specification, is a mixture of the three isomers that occur: o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene. Most of the mixtures also contain ethylbenzene. The flammable liquid forms explosive mixtures with air when evaporating. It is hardly soluble in water, but better in ethanol or acetone. Externally, the three isomers can hardly be distinguished:
The individual isomers are also available in pure form in the chemical trade. They differ significantly in their material properties: Ortho Xylene has the highest boiling point, the highest density, and the highest refractive index.
Manufacturing of Ortho Xylene
Xylenes used to be extracted from coal tar. Xylenes occur during pyrolysis in the aromatics fraction during petroleum processing. The separation of the individual isomers is very difficult due to the proximity of their boiling points. The higher-boiling Ortho Xylene is separated off in long columns by rectification, and the p-xylene is separated off by cooling the residual mixture. This is required for the production of terephthalic acid. The xylenes can also be produced by flavoring the light petroleum fractions.
Application of Ortho Xylene
The mixture of xylene isomers is used as a solvent and extraction agent, for example in adhesives and paints. Adding it to gasoline increases the octane rating. The individual isomers are important intermediates in the synthesis of phthalic acid or terephthalic acid. The latter is an important raw material for the manufacture of polyesters.
Reactions
The methyl groups (-CH3) can be oxidized to carboxyl groups. Examples of suitable oxidizing agents for converting both methyl groups are potassium permanganate or dichromate in sulfuric acid. Ortho Xylene is thus converted into phthalic acid, m-xylene into isophthalic acid, and p-xylene into terephthalic acid. These acids are technically important, for example in the manufacture of plastics. Oxygen in the presence of, for example, cobalt stearate as a catalyst gives the corresponding monocarboxylic acid, toluic acid. If you want to get acquainted with the uses of Ortho xylene, justs contact us.
Mixed Xylene | Para xylene | Benzene | Raffinate
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